Cams and Followers

CAMS: - Cam is a mechanical member which is used to transmit a desire motion to a follower by direct contact. Cam is driving member and follower is the driven member.

Types of followers:-

1.       Knife-edge follower: - Knife-edge followers are limited to use with slow moving cams where the minimum of force will be exerted by the friction that is caused during rotation.

 

2.       Roller follower: - The roller follower is the most often used but it is most expensive.

3.       Flat faced follower: - Flat faced followers are also limited used.

Follower Motions:-

1.       Simple harmonic motion

2.       Uniform velocity

3.       Uniform acceleration and retardation

4.       Cycloidal motion

5.       Any type of desired motion

Sleeve and Cotter Joint

Sleeve and Cotter Joint

Belts and Ropes

The power transmitted from one shaft to another shaft. The shafts are fitted with pulleys. The belts & ropes pass over the pulleys & power is transmitted due to friction between pulleys & belts or ropes.

Gears

Gear used for transmitting power from one shaft to another. Gear drive is a positive & smooth. Gear advantage is no slip & creep in case of power transmitting.

Spiral Gear: - It is used to connect non-parallel & non-intersecting shaft.

Bevel Gear: - It is used to connect two shafts, whose axes intersect each other.

Worm Gear: - Teeth of the worm gear are having line contact. Worm gear load carrying capacity is much     higher.

Scales

It is not always possible to make the linear dimensions on a drawing the same size as real dimensions on the object drawn.

If the actual linear measurements of an object are drawn in its drawing, called full size scale.

 Smaller object drawn larger than the object, called enlarge scale. Whereas big objects drawn smaller than the object, called reducing scale

Objects drawn in small & large scale, so that the drawing can be read & understand easily.

Types of scales:-

1.       Plain scale

2.       Diagonal scale

3.       Vernier scale

4.       Comparative

5.       Scale of Chord

6.       Isometric

Hydraulic Turbines

Hydraulic Turbines: - The Hydraulic machines which convert the Hydraulic energy into the mechanical energy.

Different types of Turbines are following:-

Impulse Turbine: - If at the inlet of turbine, total energy is only kinetic. Example for Pelton wheel

Pelton wheel is a tangential flow.

Reaction Turbine: - If at the inlet of turbine, the total energy is kinetic as well as pressure energy. Example for  Francis and Kaplan turbines.

Orthographic view in first angle projection & Third angle projection

Orthographic view of any object can be represented by First Angle Projection or Third Angle Projection. The shape & size of the views are same in First Angle Projection & Third Angle Projection.

In first angle projection the views are placed as following:-

1. Left view is placed on the right side of front view.

2. Right view is placed on the left side of front view.

3. Top view is placed on the bottom side of front view.

4. Bottom view is placed on the Top side of front view.

5. Rear view may be placed on the right/ left side.

In Third angle projection the views are placed as following:-

1. Left view is placed on the left side of front view.

2. Right view is placed on the right side of front view.

3. Top view is placed on the top side of front view.

4. Bottom view is placed on the bottom side of front view.

5. Rear view may be placed on the right/ left side.