Classified of Engineering Materials

Metals are exists naturally in the earth.

(i)                  Ferrous Materials:- The metals which contain iron, called ferrous Materials

(ii)                Non- ferrous Materials: - The metals which do not contain iron, called non- ferrous Materials.

            Example of non- ferrous Metals is copper, zinc, tin, aluminum, nickel, lead etc.

   

           Ferrous Materials are classified below

1.       Pig iron: - It is the first product in the process of converting iron ore. It is produce in blast furnace. Pig iron is refined in a cupola, cast iron is produced. Pig iron is put in puddling furnace, wrought iron is produced. If Pig iron is refined in furnace steel is produce.

2.       Cast iron: - Pig iron is refined in a cupola, cast iron is produced. Cast iron is brittle and grey colour. It contains carbon more than 2%. Cast iron can be cast into a desired shape in a sand mold.

3.       Wrought iron: - Pig iron is put in puddling furnace, wrought iron is produced. Wrought iron is never cast. It possesses high ductility and high resistance towards corrosion. All shaping is accomplished by pressing, forging or hammering.

4.       Steel: - Steel is an alloy of iron. If Pig iron is refined in furnace such as Bessemer converter, electric furnaces, Open –Hearth furnaces etc, steel is produce. It contains carbon less than 1.7%.